I understand very little of the technical details about CC, other than it is not currently possible to get CC on Pluto for Channels or VLC Bridge for PBS.
Unfortunately, my wife and I are increasingly unable to watch any TV that does not have CC. I even bought an expensive sound system with Dialog Enhancement. This helps a little bit, but not enough.
A thought came to mind. Would it be possible to turn on CC at the source, before it was downloaded, so the captions became a permanent part of the visible video stream, not embedded in the data?