docker logs <container name> gives you all the log lines since container start.
docker logs --tail <number of lines> <container name> gives you the last <number of lines> of the log.
I've seen you write about this enough times on the forum now, that I feel compelled to make a few comments:
It's a shame that you've ruled out Portainer based on not having the correct password after you set it up. It's clear you feel strongly you had the correct password, but I think we can probably agree, that writing passwords down (or copy-and-pasting) is not 100% foolproof.
Part of the reason I feel it's a shame is because more than a few users, that are using this WebUI for Docker, have reported their understanding of what Docker is all about has greatly improved. Portainer provides an overview and toolkit, that can really help with that "aha" moment. 
This is absolutely one of the failings of AI as it exists today. I've seen this many times myself, where a simple to solve problem is somehow morphed into something that's barely recognizable.
For example, resetting a Portainer password is not difficult. From the Portainer docs:
There are even options for resetting the password with one of your choosing:
https://docs.portainer.io/advanced/reset-admin